The effect of agricultural runoff on water pollution in Plateau State
- Project Research
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study:
Agricultural runoff is a significant source of water pollution, particularly in regions where farming practices involve the extensive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. In Plateau State, intensive agricultural activities have led to the contamination of water bodies with nutrient-rich runoff and chemical residues. This runoff contributes to the eutrophication of lakes and rivers, depleting oxygen levels and fostering the growth of harmful algal blooms, which pose severe risks to aquatic life and human health (Chinedu, 2023). The chemicals present in agricultural runoff can also contaminate drinking water sources, leading to a range of health issues, including gastrointestinal illnesses and long-term exposure to carcinogenic substances.
Farmers in Plateau State often rely on chemical inputs to maximize crop yields, yet the lack of proper management practices results in significant runoff during rainy seasons. The runoff not only degrades water quality but also affects the soil fertility and biodiversity of surrounding ecosystems. Communities that depend on these water sources for drinking, cooking, and irrigation are at risk of chronic health problems. Additionally, the economic impact of water pollution can be substantial, affecting local fisheries, agriculture, and overall community well-being (Aminu, 2024).
Despite the known risks, there is limited research on the extent of water pollution caused by agricultural runoff in Plateau State. Most studies have focused on urban pollution, leaving a critical gap in understanding the environmental and public health implications of agricultural practices in rural areas. This study aims to assess the levels of pollutants in water bodies near agricultural zones in Plateau State and examine their impact on human health. By correlating agricultural practices with water quality indicators, the research will provide evidence-based recommendations for sustainable agricultural practices and effective water management strategies (Ibrahim, 2025).
Statement of the Problem :
In Plateau State, agricultural runoff has emerged as a major contributor to water pollution, yet its impact on public health remains inadequately addressed. The widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides in farming has led to the leaching of harmful chemicals into nearby water bodies. This contamination has resulted in the deterioration of water quality, adversely affecting both aquatic ecosystems and human populations that rely on these sources for domestic use (Usman, 2023). Communities in rural areas, in particular, are at risk due to limited access to alternative clean water sources, making them vulnerable to waterborne diseases and long-term health hazards.
The problem is compounded by the lack of effective agricultural management practices and inadequate regulatory oversight. Many farmers are either unaware of or unable to implement best practices that minimize runoff. The resulting pollution not only affects drinking water quality but also disrupts local ecosystems, leading to economic losses in fisheries and agriculture. Despite the severity of the issue, there is a paucity of localized studies that quantify the extent of water contamination from agricultural runoff in Plateau State (Bello, 2024). This gap in research hinders the development of targeted interventions and policies aimed at mitigating water pollution and protecting public health.
This study seeks to systematically evaluate the impact of agricultural runoff on water quality and its subsequent effects on public health in Plateau State. By measuring pollutant levels in water sources and assessing the health outcomes of affected communities, the research aims to provide critical insights that will inform sustainable agricultural practices and water management policies.
Objectives of the Study:
- To measure the levels of pollutants in water bodies near agricultural areas in Plateau State.
- To assess the health impact of contaminated water on local communities.
- To recommend sustainable agricultural practices and water management strategies to mitigate pollution.
Research Questions:
- What are the levels and types of pollutants in water bodies affected by agricultural runoff in Plateau State?
- How does water pollution from agricultural runoff affect public health in the region?
- What practices can reduce agricultural runoff and improve water quality?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Agricultural runoff significantly increases pollutant levels in water bodies.
- H2: Communities exposed to contaminated water have a higher prevalence of waterborne diseases.
- H3: Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices will reduce water pollution and improve public health.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study focuses on rural communities near agricultural zones in Plateau State. Limitations include seasonal variability in runoff and potential difficulties in isolating agricultural pollutants from other contamination sources.
Definitions of Terms:
- Agricultural Runoff: Water that carries fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals from agricultural fields into water bodies.
- Water Pollution: The contamination of water bodies with harmful substances.
- Eutrophication: The enrichment of water bodies with nutrients leading to excessive plant growth and oxygen depletion.
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